OSPF & RIPv2 Dynamic Route Redistribution

Arsitektur interoperabilitas dua protokol routing dinamis (OSPF & RIPv2) menggunakan mutual route redistribution dan seed metric tuning pada Cisco IOS.

Cisco Packet TracerOSPFv2RIPv2Route RedistributionCisco IOS

Unduh .PKT (Packet Tracer)

OSPF & RIPv2 Dynamic Route Redistribution

Panduan Konfigurasi & Lab Step-by-Step

Pendahuluan & Konsep Dasar Route Redistribution

Route Redistribution adalah proses mentranslasikan dan menginjeksi rute yang dipelajari dari satu protokol routing (seperti RIPv2) ke dalam protokol routing lain (seperti OSPF) dan sebaliknya.

Tantangan utama dalam redistribusi routing adalah ketidakcocokan metrik (Metric Mismatch):

•OSPF Metric (Cost): Dihitung berbasis bandwidth (10^8 / Bandwidth in bps).

•RIPv2 Metric (Hop Count): Dihitung berbasis jumlah lompatan router (maksimal 15 hop, 16 = unreachable).

•Seed Metric (Default Metric): Saat rute diinjeksi ke protokol baru, metrik aslinya hilang dan harus diberikan nilai awal (seed metric). Rute OSPF yang masuk ke RIP wajib diberi metrik manual (metric 1–15), sedangkan rute RIP yang masuk ke OSPF secara default diberi metric cost 20 (Type 2 / E2).

•Autonomous System Boundary Router (ASBR): Router yang menjalankan kedua protokol sekaligus dan bertindak sebagai jembatan redistribusi.

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Skenario & Tabel Pengalamatan IP (Addressing Table)

Perangkat	Interface	IP Address	Subnet Mask	Default Gateway	Domain Protokol
Router0	Gig0/0	10.10.10.1	255.255.255.252 (/30)	-	OSPF Area 0 (Link ke ASBR)
Router0	Gig0/1	192.168.10.1	255.255.255.0 (/24)	-	OSPF Area 0 (LAN PC0)
Router1 (ASBR)	Gig0/0	10.10.10.2	255.255.255.252 (/30)	-	OSPF Area 0 (Link ke Router0)
Router1 (ASBR)	Gig0/1	10.10.20.1	255.255.255.252 (/30)	-	RIPv2 (Link ke Router2)
Router1 (ASBR)	Gig0/2	192.168.20.1	255.255.255.0 (/24)	-	Gateway LAN PC1 (Shared)
Router2	Gig0/0	10.10.20.2	255.255.255.252 (/30)	-	RIPv2 (Link ke ASBR)
Router2	Gig0/1	192.168.30.1	255.255.255.0 (/24)	-	RIPv2 (LAN PC2)
PC0	FastEthernet0	192.168.10.10	255.255.255.0 (/24)	192.168.10.1	Client Domain OSPF
PC2	FastEthernet0	192.168.30.10	255.255.255.0 (/24)	192.168.30.1	Client Domain RIPv2

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Langkah-Langkah Konfigurasi (Step-by-Step Configuration)

Langkah 1: Konfigurasi Router0 (OSPF Area 0)

Router> enable
Router# configure terminal
Router(config)# hostname Router0
 
Router0(config)# interface GigabitEthernet0/0
Router0(config-if)# ip address 10.10.10.1 255.255.255.252
Router0(config-if)# no shutdown
Router0(config-if)# exit
 
Router0(config)# interface GigabitEthernet0/1
Router0(config-if)# ip address 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0
Router0(config-if)# no shutdown
Router0(config-if)# exit
 
// Konfigurasi Routing OSPF Area 0
Router0(config)# router ospf 1
Router0(config-router)# router-id 1.1.1.1
Router0(config-router)# network 10.10.10.0 0.0.0.3 area 0
Router0(config-router)# network 192.168.10.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
Router0(config-router)# passive-interface GigabitEthernet0/1
Router0(config-router)# exit

Langkah 2: Konfigurasi Router1 (ASBR - Gateway Redistribusi Dua Arah)

Router> enable
Router# configure terminal
Router(config)# hostname Router1
 
Router1(config)# interface GigabitEthernet0/0
Router1(config-if)# ip address 10.10.10.2 255.255.255.252
Router1(config-if)# no shutdown
Router1(config-if)# exit
 
Router1(config)# interface GigabitEthernet0/1
Router1(config-if)# ip address 10.10.20.1 255.255.255.252
Router1(config-if)# no shutdown
Router1(config-if)# exit
 
Router1(config)# interface GigabitEthernet0/2
Router1(config-if)# ip address 192.168.20.1 255.255.255.0
Router1(config-if)# no shutdown
Router1(config-if)# exit
 
// 1. Konfigurasi OSPF & Redistribusikan RIP ke OSPF
Router1(config)# router ospf 1
Router1(config-router)# router-id 2.2.2.2
Router1(config-router)# network 10.10.10.0 0.0.0.3 area 0
Router1(config-router)# network 192.168.20.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
Router1(config-router)# passive-interface GigabitEthernet0/2
Router1(config-router)# redistribute rip subnets metric-type 2 metric 20
Router1(config-router)# exit
 
// 2. Konfigurasi RIPv2 & Redistribusikan OSPF ke RIP (Seed Metric = 5)
Router1(config)# router rip
Router1(config-router)# version 2
Router1(config-router)# no auto-summary
Router1(config-router)# network 10.0.0.0
Router1(config-router)# passive-interface GigabitEthernet0/0
Router1(config-router)# redistribute ospf 1 metric 5
Router1(config-router)# exit

Langkah 3: Konfigurasi Router2 (RIPv2 Domain)

Router> enable
Router# configure terminal
Router(config)# hostname Router2
 
Router2(config)# interface GigabitEthernet0/0
Router2(config-if)# ip address 10.10.20.2 255.255.255.252
Router2(config-if)# no shutdown
Router2(config-if)# exit
 
Router2(config)# interface GigabitEthernet0/1
Router2(config-if)# ip address 192.168.30.1 255.255.255.0
Router2(config-if)# no shutdown
Router2(config-if)# exit
 
// Konfigurasi RIPv2
Router2(config)# router rip
Router2(config-router)# version 2
Router2(config-router)# no auto-summary
Router2(config-router)# network 10.0.0.0
Router2(config-router)# network 192.168.30.0
Router2(config-router)# passive-interface GigabitEthernet0/1
Router2(config-router)# exit

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Pengujian & Verifikasi (Testing & Verification)

A. Verifikasi Tabel Routing pada Router0 (OSPF)

Router0# show ip route
Gateway of last resort is not set
 
      10.0.0.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C        10.10.10.0 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
O     10.10.20.0/30 [110/20] via 10.10.10.2, GigabitEthernet0/0
C     192.168.10.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/1
O     192.168.20.0/24 [110/2] via 10.10.10.2, GigabitEthernet0/0
O E2  192.168.30.0/24 [110/20] via 10.10.10.2, GigabitEthernet0/0

(Rute network RIP `192.168.30.0/24` berhasil dipelajari oleh OSPF dengan kode `O E2` - OSPF External Type 2).

B. Verifikasi Tabel Routing pada Router2 (RIP)

Router2# show ip route
Gateway of last resort is not set
 
R     10.10.10.0/30 [120/5] via 10.10.20.1, GigabitEthernet0/0
C     10.10.20.0/30 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
R     192.168.10.0/24 [120/5] via 10.10.20.1, GigabitEthernet0/0
R     192.168.20.0/24 [120/1] via 10.10.20.1, GigabitEthernet0/0
C     192.168.30.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/1

(Rute network OSPF `192.168.10.0/24` berhasil dipelajari oleh RIP dengan metrik `5`).

C. Uji Ping End-to-End (PC0 ke PC2)

PC0> ping 192.168.30.10
 
Pinging 192.168.30.10 with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from 192.168.30.10: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=126
Reply from 192.168.30.10: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=126
Reply from 192.168.30.10: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=126
Reply from 192.168.30.10: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=126
 
Ping statistics for 192.168.30.10:
    Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss)

(Hasil: 100% SUKSES)

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Analisis Teknis & Kesimpulan

1.Pentingnya Keyword `subnets`: Pada Cisco IOS, perintah redistribute rip subnets wajib menyertakan kata subnets. Tanpa kata ini, OSPF hanya akan mendistribusikan rute classful (Class A/B/C standar) dan membuang subnet ber-prefix variable (VLSM).

2.Penetapan Seed Metric: Karena RIPv2 tidak dapat membaca cost bandwidth OSPF, jika kita lupa menyetel metric saat redistribusi ke RIP, RIP akan menganggap metrik bernilai infinity (16) dan rute tidak akan pernah masuk ke tabel routing.